Prefabricated sectional elements for chimneys and dropping-chutes



PREFABRICATED SECTIONAL ELEMENTS FOR CHIMNEYS AND DROPPING-CHUTES FiledJune 20, 1967 H. G. ANGER Nov. 10, 1970 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiG. 3

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Hans G. Anyer vmnh r '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fidns G.. Anger- "'VOn/or Ty QNov. 10, 1970 H. ca. ANGER I PREFABRICATED SECTIONAL ELEMENTS FORCHIMNEYS AND DROPPING-CHUTES Filed June 20, 1967 Fial.

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United States .1

US. Cl. 52-219 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Prefabricated storyhigh chimney and chute elements are provided having a unitary innertube, a umtary concrete outer jacket and an intermediate isolatinglayer.

The present invention relates to prefabricated chimneys and the like,especially to prefabricated sectional elements for chimneys for generaluse in building structures, for chimneys exposed to intensive heat andfor droppingchutes; each sectional element consisting of three layers;an inner tube forming a flue for smoke or serving as a dropping-chute, amiddle isolating layer and an outer 'acket. 1 It is known to build upchimney stacks at building sites composed of fire bricks or of shapedfire clay blocks of short lengths (about /2 m.) or consisting of lightconcrete simultaneously with the installation of the adjacent brickworkof the building structure. These built up structures are designated onelayer construction.

These stacks possess the disadvantage and the danger of developingfissures and a resulting porosity permitting the passage of flue gas andthe penetration of tarry combustion by-products, as well as a lowthermal insulation value.

It is known, also, to build up chimney stacks and dropping-chutes at thebuilding site with an inner layer forming a heat-resisting inner casing,an isolating layer of thermal insulating matter or an air layersurrounding this inner casing, and with an outer jacket of bricks or offshaped blocks from light concrete, in short lengths of about /2 m. Afabrication such as this is called threelayered construction.

These fabrications, or installations, of three layers offer theadvantage that the danger of developing fissures and porosity permittingthe passage of flue gases and a penetration by tarry residues isdiminished, but cannot, due to the existence of many joints, totally beeliminated. Also, due to the expensive skilled workers necessary at thebuilding site, the construction is uneconomic and exposed to all thenegative influences of work carried out on the building site, e.g.,unfavorable influences of the weather.

and insufficient possibilities of control.

An important purpose of this invention is to avoid the disadvantages ofthe construction described above and to construct prefabricatedsectional elements for chimney stacks and dropping-chutes which can beprefabricated in a factory or in the workshop and has merely to be setup on the building site even though each prefabricated sectional elementmay be so large and heavy that it may require the use of liftingequipment on the construction ground.

It is also a purpose of this invention to construct the smoke-fines ordropping-chutes in such a way that no sediments can settle on them sothat they can be cleaned easily and that the parts forming thesmoke-fines or dropping-chutes show the greatest resistance possibleagainst exterior lateral forces.

Generally speaking, the problems set out above are most advantageouslysolved by providing a chimney, or chute, having a story highprefabricated outer jacket, self-supporting under the condition oftransportation or installation, formed from aprefabricated 0ne-piecesection consisting of reinforced concrete and an inner tubular shell,also story high and preferably cylindrical, made of one piece or of aplurality of elements firmly joined together in a workshop to form aunitary whole. The inner tubes forming the smoke-fines ordropping-chutes advantageously consist of several surmounting shapedfire clay blocks of commercial size firmly joined to form a single unitextending over the entire height of the outer jacket. The inner tubesforming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes can consist of metal tubes.

The inner metal tubes forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes reachover the entire height of each prefabricated section element andnormally consist of a single tube, although they may be composed of aplurality of firmly joined individual tubes or segments of tubes. In thereinforced concrete outer jacket curved or rectilinear passageways areprovided. Normally, these passageways are circular or rectangular orquadradic in cross section and extend over the entire height of theprefabricated section of concrete thereby forming ventilation-fiues orother types of passageways. Each prefabricated outer jacket may containa plurality of smoke-fines or droppingchutes and ventilation-fines orlike passageways and mate with like passageways in adjacent units. Theinner tubes forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes can consist oftubes of synthetic material such as tubes of thermoset resins which mayconsist of a single tube or may be made up of a plurality of firmlyconnected tubes. I On the head part of the reinforced concrete outeracket, a gripping means is providing to facilitate installation orerection of the sectional elements such as advantageously a loop in areinforcing bar for the concrete.

The prefabricated sectional elements are provided with all the neededcutouts such as cleaning doors, dropping ports, and the like, asconditions require. The head and base of the outer jacket and the innertubes are provided with interlocking protrusions or slots for connectingadacent sectional elements. The part extending above the roof of thebuilding structure is provided with a weatherproof, decorative coveringsuch as a brick outer shell or a coating of paint. The outer jacket isprovided, most advantageously, with a smooth, paperable surface, savingan aftertreatment, and is equipped with protecting shaped steel edges.

The usage of a story high reinforced concrete casing, self-supportingunder the condition of transportation or installation, forming aprefabricated unitary sectional element in one piece, according to theinvention gives the advantage that all Work on the building site, exceptfor the installation of the prefabricated structural unit, iseliminated, by means of which a high degree of uniformity in quality andan economic production is obtainable.

While the invention is most advantageously used in a multiple storybuilding, it will be apparent many of the advantages of the inventionare obtained in a single story building. A flue with a circular crosssection is preferred for it has the advantage of giving the bestconditions for a good draft and optimum cross section for a givencircumference. A circular tubbe, also, has the advantage that it can becleaned easily and that no sediments of cinders can settle therein.

The particular prefabricated sectional elements are built up, forexample, as follows: The story high inner tube is made up of surmountingconventional lengths of fire clay tubing firmly joined together at thefabricating center to form a unitary whole and, at the same time,

cutouts for smoke flue openings, cleaning-doors or dropping ports areprovided as when casting the individual units. In the same way, tubesconsisting of metal or plastic may be joined to reach a length equal tothe height of a prefabricated sectional element. This inner tube isadvantageously covered with insulating material and in the lower part isprovided with tacking wire, fagotting, or the like, with the endsextending outwardly and are anchored afterwards to the outer jacket ofreinforced concrete during the pouring of the concrete. This inner tubeis then covered with an isolating material, provided with a bearingspindle and then is used as an inner core for inserting inside astanding or horizontal concrete pouring form. Around this inner core islaid a reinforcing mat for the concrete to which the installationgripping means are attached as, for instance, a loop in a rod in thereinforcing mat for the concrete.

The space between the inner core and the concrete pouring form is thenfilled by pouring in concrete, which is condensed and compacted byvibrating the form so that the inner tube forming the smoke-fiues ordroppingchutes is fixed and held elastically. The insulating layer orisolating layer or both may be elastic so as to provide for differencesbetween the coeflicient of expansion between the inner tube and theouter jacket. The obtained contact pressure is stronger than thespecific weight of the inner tubes so that a slipping out of the innertubes is avoided either during lifting, transportation or installation.The isolating layer has no capillarity and the moisture present duringthe pouring of the concrete, or during the process of setting thereof,is not absorbed by the isolating layer. It will be understood theisolating layer may serve an insulating function and may be imperviousto water or moisture.

The necessary ventilation or other passageways in the concrete areformed as hollow concrete cross sections by providing cores thereinwhich are withdrawn at the beginning of the hardening of the concrete.

The outer jacket, also, can be constructed as a hollow cross section ofreinforced concrete independent of the inner core, and the inner tubewith an isolating layer can be put in this outer jacket afterwards.

The prefabricated sectional element hereof can be used in the followingways:

(1) As chimneys of building structures, as chimneys for firinginstallations where intense heat is developed, either annexed or as afree-standing form. In old buildings the prefabricated sectionalelements can be inserted for supplementary purposes.

(2) As dropping chutes for garbage, laundry, paper and other material tobe dropped.

In the drawings, several illustrative exemplifications of the inventionare described.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows an elevational fragmentary view of a building structurewith a chimney consisting of a plurality of single story-highprefabricated sectional elements;

FIG. 2 shows an elevational fragmentary view of a building structurewith a dropping-chute consisting of a plurality of single story-highprefabricated sectional elements;

FIG. 3 shows an elevational view of a free-standing chimney, part as asectional view, consisting of prefab ricated sectional elements;

FIG. 4 shows in longitudinal cross section a single story-highprefabricated sectional element with an inner tube forming a smoke-flueor a dropping-chute consisting of a unitary tube made up of superimposedshaped fire clay tubes;

FIG. 5 shows in longitudinal cross section a different example of afragmentary view of single story-high prefabricated sectional elementwith a smoke-flue or a dropping-chute consisting of a metal tube;

FIG. 6 shows a horizontal cross section along line D-D of FIG. 4;

A FIGS. 7 to 10 show several different modifications in horizontal crosssection of the prefabricated sectional elements, as illustrated in FIG.4;

FIG. 11 shows a fragmentary vertical cross section through part A of thechimney head according to FIG. 1,

on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 12 shows in fragmentary vertical cross section the transition froma prefabricated sectional element with a thinner isolating layer to asectional element with a thicker isolating layer, as illustrated at B inFIG. 1;

FIG. 13 shows in cross section a different example of a chimney headaccording to FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 shows a fragmentary view of the construction of the jointbetween a head and a base of two mating prefabricated sectionalelements;

FIG. 15 shows a vertical fragmentary view in cross section of an openinginto a smoke-flue.

The chimney stack of a building shown in FIG. 1 consists of a pluralityof a single story-high prefabricated sectional elements 1 provided witha smoke-flue connection openings 2 and a ventilation-openings 3 built induring the prefabrication. In the prefabricated section ele ments 4 and5, respectively, going through the cellar and the loft, chimney-fluecleaning doors 6 and ventilation cleaning doors 7 likewise are built induring the prefabrication.

Each story-high prefabricated sectional element 1 (FIGS. 1 to 10)consists of an outer jacket 9 of concrete reinforced with a reinforcingsteel mat 10, which renders each section self-supporting under thecondition of transportation and installation, and is provided withventilating-fines 11 spaced inwardly from the walls thereof.

The inner tubes or cylinders 13 forming the smoke-fines 12 consist of aplurality of superimposed preformed fire clay tubes of commercial sizefirmly joined together in a workshop or factory with ring-shaped jointsin a known way to form a unitary tube equalling in length the entireheight of the prefabricated section. These prefabricated tubes arecovered with an isolating layer 14, as described above. Alternatively,the inner tubes forming the smokeflues or chutes may consist of a singlemetal tube 23 or may consist of a plurality of metal tubes firmly joinedtogether to have a length equal to the height of a single story.

The prefabricated sectional elements can contain one or severalsmoke-fines 12 and ventilation-fines 11 which mate with adjacentsections and can have different forms of cross section (see FIGS. 6 to10).

The edges of the reinforced concrete outer jacket 9 are provided withprotective metal or the like (not shown).

As shown, the head-part of the chimney extending above the roof isprovided with a weatherproof ornamental dressing 8 and is covered with acover plate 15 and is provided with a hardened sheet-metal socket 16(FIGS. 11 and 13), in order to cover an expansion joint 17 of the innertube 13 which joint is provided to enable an expansion of the inner tubedue to an increase in temperature.

As shown in FIG. 12, when using a thick isolating region 14, as in aloft or attic, a transition is provided located adjacent to the juncturebetween the sectional elements.

Also, as shown in FIG. 13, in the head of each prefabricated sectionalelement 1, 4 and 5, installation loops 18 are provided for seizure bythe lifting or erecting apparatus, such as a derrick. These installationloops ad vantageously are attached to, or are a part of, the reinforcingmat or network used in the fabrication of the reinforced concrete outerjacket and fit into a cutout region as shown at 19.

FIG. 14 illustrates a construction of a slot and feather joint of theinner tube 13 forming the smoke-flue 12 and of the reinforced concreteouter jacket 9, which prevents the passage of both heat and sound.

FIG. 15 shows the construction of a smoke-flue connection opening 2.

The joining of the single story-high prefabricated sectional elements 1results from a tensioned connection produced by steel inserts pouredinto through-going passageways with the necessary length of coverage,which are not shown in the drawings. Also, prestressing reinforcementcan be inserted into prestressing channels, not shown in the drawings,and afterwards the whole chimney can be prestressed. In special cases,the forces occurring can be transmitted by the prestressingreinforcement applied directly to the foundations.

FIG. 3 shows a free-standing chimney stack, consisting of prefabricatedsection elements 1.

In FIG. 2 a different example of the use of a storyhigh prefabricatedsectional elements for a dropping-chute is shown. In the lowest story, adischarge outlet 20 is provided and in the prefabricated sectionalelements 1 of the upper stories dropping ports 21 and control lids 22are provided.

The structural nature of the prefabricated sectional elements when usedas dropping-chutes is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4 to 10 forchimneys. In this latter case the isolating layer 14 serves as a soundisolation and the ventilation-fines 11 make it possible to dissipateodors over the roof of the building.

I claim:

1. A prefabricated sectional element for use in association with abuilding for the construction of vertical chimneys, chutes and the like,comprising: a prefabricated structural unit having a length equal to asingle story height of a building, and having a unitary inner tube, anelastic thermal isolating layer laterally surrounding and longitudinallycoextensive with the inner tube and being compressed thereon, areinforced concrete outer jacket laterally surrounding the elasticthermal isolating layer and longitudinally coextensive and coterminalwith the inner tube and with the isolating layer, the isolating layerbeing compressed inwardly by the concrete jacket, thereby forming a unitbeing self-supporting during transportation and erection, wherein anupper longitudinal end of the unit comprises a tongue and wherein alower longitudinal end of the unit comprises a groove cooperating withthe tongue, wherein the tongue is formed by a raised inner end portionof the reinforced concrete outer jacket and raised outer end portion ofthe inner tube, and by a relatively depressed outer peripheral portionof an upper edge of the reinforced concrete jacket and a relativelydepressed inner edge of the inner tube and wherein the groove is formedof a downward extended outer peripheral portion of the reinforcedconcrete jacket and a downward extended inner edge of the inner tube.

2. A prefabricated sectional element for use in association with abuilding for the construction of vertical chimneys, chutes and the like,comprising: a prefabri cated structural unit having a length equal to asingle story height of a building, and having a unitary inner tube, anelastic thermal isolating layer laterally surrounding and longitudinallycoextensive with the inner tube and being compressed thereon, areinforced concrete outer jacket laterally surrounding the elasticthermal isolating layer and longitudinally coextensive and coterminalwith the inner tube and with the isolating layer, the isolating layerbeing compressed inwardly by the concrete jacket, thereby forming a unitbeing self-supporting during transportation and erection, wherein theinner tube of the element has an upper edge which is spaced downwardfrom an upper edge of the concrete jacket, and further comprising capmeans overlying upper end of the upper element and having sleeve meansextending into the tube whereby the tube may expand longitudinallyoutside of the sleeve means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 865,372 9/1907 Flynn 52-2182,140,773 12/ 1938 Slayter et al. 52268 2,358,750 9/1944 Walker et al52122 3,301,249 1/1967 Hendricks 522l8 FRANK L. ABBOTT, Primary ExaminerS. D. BURKE, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 52606

